Formation Path · Level 4
The Lexicon
Many theological arguments stand or fall on a single word. Some words carry a wide semantic range; some are used precisely because they can only mean one thing — and become a smoking gun. Each study here gives the range, the key passages, the Septuagint background, and an honest note on where the word study proves too much.
Greek
Agape
ἀγάπηSelf-giving love — love that wills the good of the other, chosen and unconditioned, the love that is God's own nature.
Strong's G26
Charis
χάριςGrace — favor freely given, not wages owed. The word that defines the gospel as gift.
Strong's G5485
Dikaiosyne
δικαιοσύνηRighteousness / justice — and the word at the heart of justification.
Strong's G1343
Doxa
δόξαGlory — the weight and radiance of God's presence; also honor, praise. The word behind “doxology.”
Strong's G1391
Ekklesia
ἐκκλησίαChurch — the called-out assembly; not a building but a people.
Strong's G1577
Evangelion
εὐαγγέλιονGospel — “good news,” a royal announcement of victory and accession, not advice but news.
Strong's G2098
Homoousios
ὁμοούσιος“Of one being with the Father” — the non-biblical word that saved the biblical Christ.
Hypostasis
ὑπόστασιςSubstance, assurance — then, after the Cappadocians, “person”: the word that names the Three.
Strong's G5287
Kenosis
κένωσιςThe self-emptying of Christ (Philippians 2:7) — emptied of what? The question that made a doctrine.
Strong's G2758 (the verb kenoō)
Koinonia
κοινωνίαFellowship, communion, partnership — a shared life and shared possession, not mere socializing.
Strong's G2842
Kyrios
κύριοςLord; the Septuagint's word for YHWH — applied to Jesus.
Strong's G2962
Latreia
λατρείαService / worship owed to God alone — the 'latria' of latria-vs-dulia.
Strong's G2999
Logos
λόγοςWord, reason, the divine self-expression made flesh in Christ.
Strong's G3056
Metanoia
μετάνοιαRepentance — not mere regret but a change of mind that turns the whole self around.
Strong's G3341
Monogenes
μονογενής“Only begotten” or “one and only” — the disputed word of John 3:16.
Strong's G3439
Ousia
οὐσίαBeing, essence — what God is; the “substance” in “one substance with the Father.”
Strong's G3776
Paradosis
παράδοσιςTradition — what is 'handed over'; praised in one verse, condemned in another.
Strong's G3862
Parakletos
παράκλητοςAdvocate, Helper, Comforter — Jesus's name for the Holy Spirit, and a title for Christ himself.
Strong's G3875
Perichoresis
περιχώρησιςThe mutual indwelling of the three persons of the Trinity — each fully in the others, without confusion. A patristic term, not a biblical one.
Pistis
πίστιςFaith — not a leap in the dark but trust grounded in a trustworthy God. Also: faithfulness.
Strong's G4102
Pneuma
πνεῦμαSpirit, breath, wind — the Greek of John 3 and Pentecost.
Strong's G4151
Proskuneo
προσκυνέωTo bow down, do obeisance — the verb at the heart of the worship/veneration debate.
Strong's G4352
Sarx
σάρξFlesh — from neutral “human body/humanity” to Paul's loaded “fallen self in rebellion against God.”
Strong's G4561
Soma
σῶμαBody — the whole embodied person, good and destined for resurrection; also the Body of Christ, the church.
Strong's G4983
Soter
σωτήρSavior, deliverer, rescuer — a title Caesar claimed and the church gave to Jesus alone.
Strong's G4990
Theos
θεόςGod; the one true God — and the word John dares apply to the Word.
Strong's G2316
Theosis
θέωσιςDeification — salvation as participation in God's own life. A patristic term, not a biblical one.
Hebrew
Berith
בְּרִיתCovenant — a solemn, binding bond sealed by oath and blood. The spine of the whole Bible's story.
Strong's H1285
Hesed
חֶסֶדSteadfast covenant love — loyal, faithful, unbreakable kindness. The Old Testament's deepest word for God's love.
Strong's H2617
Nephesh
נֶפֶשׁSoul, life, living being — not a ghost trapped in a body but the whole living self. You don't HAVE a nephesh; you ARE one.
Strong's H5315
Qahal
קָהָלThe assembly — Israel gathered before God. The Old Testament root of the New Testament “church” (ekklesia).
Strong's H6951
Ruach
רוּחַBreath, wind, spirit — the Spirit hovering over the waters.
Strong's H7307
Shalom
שָׁלוֹםPeace — not mere absence of conflict but wholeness, completeness, flourishing; the world set right.
Strong's H7965