In the year 70, after a long and brutal siege, Roman forces under Titus took Jerusalem and burned the Temple to the ground. The center of Jewish worship for centuries — the place of sacrifice, priesthood, and pilgrimage — was gone.
For Judaism, the loss forced a profound reshaping: worship moved decisively to the synagogue, and authority to the study and interpretation of the Law. For the Church, which had already come to see in Christ the true and final sacrifice, the Temple's fall confirmed a direction it was already travelling.
The event marks, in historical terms, the slow parting of the ways between Church and synagogue — two communities that shared the Scriptures of Israel but read them, after 70, from increasingly different centers.